Nokia

Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information-technology, and consumer-electronics company headquartered in Espoo, Finland. The company was founded in 1865 by Fredrik Idestam as a paper-mill business in southwestern Finland and over more than a century and a half evolved through rubber, cables, and consumer electronics into a global mobile-phone leader during the 1990s and 2000s. Today Nokia is primarily a network-infrastructure and licensing business, having sold its iconic mobile-phones business to Microsoft in 2014 and acquired Alcatel-Lucent in 2016, which substantially expanded its fixed and IP networking portfolios.

Nokia is organised into business groups covering Mobile Networks (5G, 4G, and Open RAN radio and baseband products), Network Infrastructure (fixed access, IP routing, optical networks, and submarine cables), Cloud and Network Services (core networks, network management, security, and digital operations), and Nokia Technologies (intellectual-property licensing of cellular standards-essential and multimedia patents). The company is one of the largest holders of 5G standards-essential patents in the world and is a major supplier of telecommunications and IP networking equipment to most of the world's leading operators.